The Fact
Estrogen receptors and estrogen-dependent signaling are involved in multiple body systems, including the brain, cardiovascular system, bone, muscle, metabolism, thermoregulation, and other tissues.
What This Means
Calling estrogen only a “reproductive hormone” is physiologically incomplete. Its decline or fluctuation can affect systems outside reproduction.
Sources
- Brinton, R.D. (2008), “The healthy cell bias of estrogen action”; Mosconi et al. (2021); Charkoudian & Stachenfeld (2014).