BLS “real earnings” are average hourly or weekly earnings adjusted for inflation using a Consumer Price Index. BLS explicitly notes that real-earnings data cannot by themselves measure changes in living standards, which also depend on facto
No. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an index, not a dollar price. For most CPI series, the 1982–84 average was set equal to 100; later index values show price levels relative to that base.
Herman and Chomsky’s propaganda model explicitly argued that systematic media bias can arise without formal censorship and without requiring journalists to act dishonestly or participate in a conspiracy. They wrote that structural constrain
Yes. The “mere-exposure effect” is the finding that repeated exposure to a stimulus can increase liking or preference for it. A 2017 meta-analysis examined 268 exposure-response curves from 81 articles and found the overall pattern was posi
Urban Institute analysis of longitudinal Health and Retirement Study data found that workers who experienced an employer-related involuntary separation after age 50 had substantially less household wealth later than otherwise similar worker
Among long-tenured workers displaced from professional and related occupations during 2023–2025, 20.4% were unemployed in January 2026.
In Helling v. Carey (1974), the Washington Supreme Court ruled that eye doctors were negligent for not giving a 32-year-old patient a simple pressure test for glaucoma, even though the accepted professional practice at the time was not to r
In 2024, 22.7 million U.S. renter households — 49% of all renter households — spent more than 30% of their income on housing.
WHAT “COST BURDENED” MEANS
A household is generally described as housing-cost burdened when it spends more than 30
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 prohibited discrimination in credit transactions on the basis of sex or marital status. Regulation B subsequently required creditors to make individual credit accounts available to creditworthy marri
Pew Research Center’s synthesis of historical time-diary data found that mothers averaged about 8 hours per week of paid work in 1965 and about 21 hours per week in 2011.
