In 2001, the U.S. Government Accountability Office reviewed ten prescription drugs withdrawn from the U.S. market since January 1, 1997. Eight of the ten posed greater health risks for women than for men. For four, the difference could be e
In Kravitz and colleagues’ randomized standardized-patient trial, physicians prescribed antidepressants to 55% of patients portraying adjustment disorder who made a brand-specific request, compared with 10% of otherwise comparable patients
In 1985, the U.S. Public Health Service Task Force on Women’s Health Issues concluded that the historical lack of research focused on women’s health had compromised both the quality of health information available to women and the healthcar
A review of research on how long it takes medical discoveries to reach patients found that “it is frequently stated that it takes an average of 17 years for research evidence to reach clinical practice.” Several separate studies, measuring
The National Academies’ 2025 consensus report said women’s-health research remains severely lacking and that medical advances for women have lagged partly because basic sex-based physiological differences are still inadequately understood.
In The T.J. Hooper (1932), a federal appeals court held tugboat owners responsible for losing cargo in a storm because their boats had no radios to receive weather warnings — even though most tugboats at the time did not carry radios. Judge
