Work & Jobs

BLS counted 3.3 million long-tenured workers displaced during 2023–2025, up by 746,000 from the prior 2021–2023 survey period.

In July 2023, 22.8% of U.S. multiple jobholders had an independent-contractor arrangement on their second job.

BLS reports 17.7 million union members in 1983 and 14.7 million in 2025. Over the same period, the wage-and-salary workforce grew substantially, which is why the membership rate fell even more sharply than the headcount.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics counted 7.4 million workers who were displaced from jobs they had held for at least three years during January 2023 through December 2025. That was 1.2 million more long-tenured displaced workers than in the p

Among long-tenured workers displaced during 2023–2025, 32.6% lost or left their jobs because their plant or company closed down or moved.

In July 2023, 28.4% of multiple jobholders age 55 and older had an independent-contractor arrangement on their second job. Among multiple jobholders ages 25 to 54, the comparable share was 23.8%.

In 2025, median weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers who were union members were $1,404, compared with $1,174 for nonunion workers—a $230 weekly difference. BLS cautions that this raw comparison does not control for occupat

Experimental research by economists Ian Burn, Patrick Button, Luis Munguia Corella, and David Neumark found that job advertisements containing ageist language reduced applications from older workers. The research experimentally varied wordi

Among long-tenured workers displaced during 2023–2025, 22.9% were displaced because there was insufficient work for them to do.

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission states that federal employment anti-discrimination laws still apply when employers use artificial intelligence, algorithms, machine learning, or other automated systems to make or inform hiri